It is an autoimmune disorder triggered by ingesting gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. This response damages the small intestine’s lining, leading to nutrient malabsorption and various symptoms.

Symptoms

Celiac disease is characterized by symptoms such as gastrointestinal issues (like diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and bloating), systemic problems (including fatigue, irritability, and unexplained weight loss), skin conditions (such as dermatitis herpetiformis), and neurological symptoms (like headaches and tingling sensations).

Causes

• Genetic predisposition: Individuals with specific genetic markers (HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8) are more susceptible.
• Gluten consumption: Ingesting gluten triggers an immune response that damages the small intestine lining.

Diagnosis

• Blood tests: Screening for specific antibodies (anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies or anti-endomysial antibodies).
• Biopsy: Small intestine tissue examination to confirm damage characteristic of celiac disease.
• Genetic testing: Identifying genetic markers associated with celiac disease.

Treatment

• Gluten-free diet: Complete avoidance of wheat, barley, and rye.
• Nutritional supplements: Addressing deficiencies in iron, calcium, vitamin D, and other nutrients.
• Medications: Sometimes used to manage symptoms or complications.
• Follow-up care: Regular monitoring to assess intestinal healing and nutrient absorption.

Prevention

To prevent complications of celiac disease, maintain a strict gluten-free diet, educate yourself on hidden sources of gluten, consider genetic screening for family members, and undergo regular medical check-ups to monitor nutritional health and manage any potential complications effectively.

Celiac disease necessitates a lifelong commitment to a gluten-free diet to control symptoms and prevent complications. Early diagnosis, adherence to dietary restrictions, and regular medical follow-up are crucial for managing the disease effectively and maintaining quality of life. If you suspect celiac disease or have a family history, consult a healthcare professional for appropriate testing and guidance.